Gemstone profile and identification guide
Ruby
Ruby is a Red, Crimson oxide (corundum) prized for its distinctive beauty, historic appeal, and use in fine jewellery and collector pieces.
Profile Navigation
Overview
Ruby is a Red, Crimson oxide (corundum) prized for its distinctive beauty, historic appeal, and use in fine jewellery and collector pieces.
Use this profile as a collector reference and educational guide for quick on-page comparison, then validate with the interactive identification system.
Identification
Name: Ruby
Scientific classification: Oxide (Corundum)
Hardness: 9 Mohs
Transparency: transparent
Lustre: metallic
Crystal system: Trigonal
Primary colour: Burgundy
Secondary colour: Red
Colour family: Reds & Pinks
Physical Properties
Hardness category: very hard
Hardness value: 9 Mohs
Chemical composition: Aluminum oxide with chromium (Al2O3:Cr)
Crystal system: Trigonal
Common locations: Myanmar, Thailand, Mozambique, Madagascar
Learn more: Gem-A gemstone education resources.
Colour Variations
Ruby is classified within the reds & pinks palette. Primary colour: burgundy. Secondary colour: red.
Optical effects: None specified in the current dataset.
Formation
Formed in metamorphic marble and alluvial deposits through high pressure and chromium-rich fluids.
Origin
Myanmar, Thailand, Mozambique, Madagascar
Uses
Best for: Durable centerpieces for rings and daily wear.
Ideal uses: High-impact settings and heirloom designs.
Care
Clean with warm water and mild soap; avoid prolonged exposure to heat and harsh chemicals.
Need another candidate? Use advanced gemstone search or return to the identification guide.
Related gemstones by colour
Related gemstones by hardness
Gemstones from the same mineral family
Commonly confused gemstones
Ruby FAQ
How can I identify Ruby?
Compare hardness (9 Mohs), crystal system (Trigonal), colour profile, and lustre (metallic) with your sample. Then cross-check related gemstones listed above.
What colour range does Ruby appear in?
Ruby is classified within the reds & pinks palette. Primary colour: burgundy. Secondary colour: red.
Where is Ruby commonly used?
High-impact settings and heirloom designs.. For maintenance, follow the care guidance in this profile.
Scientific References
Reference data from GIA and Mindat mineral records.