Agate is a banded chalcedony variety of quartz identified by concentric or parallel growth bands and waxy lustre.

Alexandrite is the colour-change variety of chrysoberyl, typically shifting from green to bluish green in daylight to red to purplish red under incandescent light. Commercial alexandrite is sourced mainly from Brazil, Sri Lanka, and East Africa, with the Russian Urals important historically.

Almandine is the iron-rich red garnet species commonly used in faceted and cabochon jewellery.

Bloodstone (heliotrope) is dark green chalcedony/jasper marked by red iron-oxide spots.

Carnelian is an orange to red chalcedony variety of quartz, typically translucent with a waxy to vitreous surface lustre.

Gem coral is an organic biogenic material composed of coral skeleton polished for ornamental use.

Crazy lace agate is a Mexican banded agate known for dense swirling lace-like patterning.

Fire quartz is a trade term commonly used for hematoid quartz showing red-orange internal inclusion color.

Garnet is often discussed with one eye on colour and the other on where the material comes from. Collectors and lapidaries comparing similar stones often come to it for different reasons, but identification still comes back to green body colour, 6.5 Mohs hardness, and vitreous lustre. The secondary burgundy note often matters more than people expect when separating it from lookalikes.

Jasper is an opaque microcrystalline quartz aggregate with diverse colors and patterns.

Laguna agate is a prized Mexican agate known for tight, colorful fortification banding.

Pyrope is a magnesium-rich red garnet species prized for saturated color and durability.

Red Beryl is often discussed with one eye on colour and the other on where the material comes from. Collectors and lapidaries comparing similar stones often come to it for different reasons, but identification still comes back to red body colour, 7.5 Mohs hardness, and vitreous lustre.

Red coral is an organic gemstone material with longstanding decorative and cultural use.

Red jasper is an iron-rich opaque chalcedony variety used extensively in lapidary work.

Red Spinel sits among the more resilient gem materials used for jewellery, which shapes both how it wears and how it is collected. That combination of red body colour, 9 Mohs hardness, and vitreous lustre is what usually makes it recognisable in practice.

Ruby is defined by red corundum, but not every red stone carries the same authority of colour. The most sought-after examples combine vivid saturation with enough transparency to let the red remain bright rather than murky.

Star Ruby profile is under factual gemological review. Properties shown here are provisional unless marked as verified.

Sunrise jasper is a trade-name patterned jasper category emphasizing warm multitone color scenes.

Zircon is a natural zirconium silicate gemstone known for high dispersion and brilliance.